Friday, December 27, 2019

[Learning Vietnamese with Eve & Miki] Lesson 1

Merry Christmas 圣诞节快乐


Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Vietjet to start offering Ho Chi Minh City - Pattaya service in December

Vietjet to start offering Ho Chi Minh City - Pattaya service in December

No-frills Vietjet on Monday announced its latest direct service linking Ho Chi Minh City to Thailand’s Pattaya via U-Tapao International Airport.

The carrier’s daily service will take one hour and thirty minutes per leg, starting from December 23.

The daily flight departs from Ho Chi Minh City at 1:25 pm and arrives in U-Tapao at 2:40 pm; the return flight from U-Tapao takes off at 11:25 am and touch down in Ho Chi Minh City at 12:55 pm.

To celebrate the new route, more than 100,000 super-saving tickets priced from just VND0, excluding taxes and fees, are on sale from December 2 to 5, from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm (GMT+7).

The promotional tickets are applicable to all flights from Vietnam’s Da Lat, Da Nang and Taichung in Taiwan to Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi), from Ho Chi Minh City to Pattaya (U-Tapao International Airport), as well as all of Thailand’s domestic routes from Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi) to Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phuket, Krabi, Udon Thani, Phuket – Chiang Rai, and Udon Thani – Chiang Rai.

The travel time is from December 23, 2019 to October 24, 2020, excluding public holidays.

The tickets are available on Vietjet’s website, mobile app or Facebook.

Following the launch of the Ho Chi Minh City-Pattaya route, Vietjet will operate the most routes and highest flight frequency between Thailand and Vietnam with eight direct services totally, including Hanoi/Ho Chi Minh City/Da Nang/Haiphong/Da Lat-Bangkok (Suvarnabhumi), Ho Chi Minh City-Phuket/Chiang Mai, and Ho Chi Minh City-U-Tapao.

The offering of the newest service is expected to actively promote the number of tourists traveling from Ho Chi Minh City and the southern provinces of Vietnam to the Rayong and Pattaya area, a popular international tourist destination in Thailand.

The new service will also create a more convenient connection for international visitors via two gateways at Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City and U-Tapao International Airport in Thailand.

A beach city about two hours of driving south of Bangkok, Pattaya is one of the top tourist cities for foreign visitors and local people alike.

It is a popular destination for those who want to see some of Thailand’s coastal delights while still enjoying all the trappings of a big city.

Although the beaches may not be as famous as those in Phuket in the south, they are still beautiful and have a lot of activities and entertainment.

~Tuoi Tre News~

Monday, November 25, 2019

天增岁月人增寿,春满乾坤福满堂


Hong Kong artists' names in Vietnamese 香港明星越南译名


Macaque island draws tourists – and criticism

Vietnam macaque island draws tourists – and criticism



Monkeys cling to a tourist at Monkey Island in Nha Trang, central Vietnam. There are about 1,200 macaques on the small island, where vaccine experiments were once carried out by Soviet scientists before it was transformed into a tourist attraction in the 1990s. NHAC NGUYEN/afp

Menacing macaques snatch bags of crisps, water bottles, cookies and crackers from uneasy tourists on Vietnam’s Monkey Island, a popular attraction decried as cruel by activists calling for an end to animal tourism in Southeast Asia.

Tourists are encouraged to show the monkeys their empty hands if they don’t want to be accosted by the aggressive macaques, who routinely steal snacks, hats, and even mobile phones from visitors, who nervously laugh and snap pictures.

“They grabbed my biscuits and climbed on my body,” Dinh Thi Hoa said on the small island in Nha Phu bay in south-central Vietnam.

“I didn’t even have time to open my bag, the monkey took it from me and opened it!” she said, smiling, after a gang of macaques rifled through her rucksack.

It is one of countless animal tourism sites across Vietnam where for just a few dollars visitors can ride elephants or ostriches, or see costumed bears and tigers perform at circuses.

Over on Monkey Island, macaques ride motorbikes, lift weights and shoot basketballs in their own packed circus performance that ends with a monkey in a frilly skirt collecting tips from the audience.

Elsewhere on the island, visitors eagerly place bets on a monkey swimming race to close out a morning of animal entertainment.

It’s cruel work, according to some.

“Monkeys don’t choose to walk on their hind legs, ride bikes, or perform other meaningless and humiliating tricks – they’ve simply learned to fear what will happen if they don’t,” said Jason Baker, animal rights group Peta’s vice president of international campaigns.

“Travel companies and tourists must stop buying tickets to cruel exhibits like Monkey Island,” he added.

There are about 1,200 macaques on the small island, where vaccine experiments were once carried out by Soviet scientists before it was transformed into a tourist attraction in the 1990s.

Monkey Island manager Truong Nguyen Phuoc An says the animals are never beaten, and are well looked after thanks to tourist dollars.

“We can have money to maintain the island and buy more food for the monkeys,” he told AFP, as tourists boarded boats under a searing midday sun.

Throngs of visitors stream though every week, mostly Vietnamese, Chinese and Russians who jet across the bay from the beach resort hotspot Nha Trang.

Many are happy to see the monkeys, brushing aside claims the animals should be left alone.

“I think they are well-fed and happy, it’s perfect,” said Kirill, a 19-year-old visitor from Russia.

~Phnom Penh Post~

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Festival highlights beautiful pink grass hills in Central Highlands

Festival highlights beautiful pink grass hills in Vietnam’s Central Highlands



Pink grassland in the Dan Kia Lake – Golden Stream area, Lac Duong District, the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong. Photo: Dinh Van Bien /

Authorities in the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong have kick-started the 2019 Lang Biang Pink Grass Festival as pink grass once again takes over vast portions of local hills in Lac Duong District, creating an other-worldly scene.

As the rainy season comes to an end in Lam Dong and the dry season begins, the low temperature creates an ideal condition for a new generation of pink grass to engulf hilltops throughout several locations in the Dan Kia Lake – Golden Stream area.

Each blade of the grass is home to hundreds of tiny flowers which bloom into a collection of soft pink snowflakes each morning when the sun peaks over the mountaintops and casts light on tiny dewdrops that has been frozen on the grass.

The fantastic scene, considered one of the most beautiful of the year in the Central Highlands province, has made the area a famous photography spot for visitors.



Pink grassland in the Dan Kia Lake – Golden Stream area, Lac Duong District, the Central Highlands province of Lam Dong. Photo: Dinh Van Bien / Tuoi Tre

The local administration in Lac Duong District has taken advantage of the location’s unusual landscape to establish an annual festival with the aim of boosting tourism.

The Lang Biang Pink Grass Festival, which is in its third edition this year, offers visitors a series of activities besides snapping photos with the pink grass, such as traditional music performances, folk games, and a horse race.

In addition to the Dan Kia Lake – Golden Stream area, other locations such as Trai Mat and Thai Phien in Da Lat City, the capital city of Lam Dong, also boast similar pink grasslands.

Below are photos capturing the pink grass scene in Dan Kia Lake – Golden Stream taken by a Tuoi Tre (Youth) newspaper contributor.















~Tuoi Tre News~

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

French influence on Vietnamese language (PART 2)

VietnameseFrenchEnglish
kemcrèmeice cream
xi măngcimentconcrete
bugibougiespark plug
ốp laomeletteomelet
phô maifromagecheese




































français <> tiếng Việt

affiche áp phích
absinthe rượu apxanh
acide axit
aiglefin cá êfin
anis cây anit
antenne an-ten
antenne parabolique anten parabôn
artichaut cây atisô
aspirine atpirin
autobus xe buýt
automobile xe ô tô
balcon ban công
ballet ba lê
ballot (sac à dos) ba-lô
bandeau dải vấn đầu
bébé em bé
beurre 
bière bia
billes (jeu) bi
biscuit bánh (bich) quy
biftek bít tết
bombe bom
bougie (de moteur) buji
bouillabaisse món buiabet
boulon bu lông
café cà phê
cantine căng tin
caoutchouc cao su*
caramel (flan) caramen
cardan các đăng
cari ca ri
cas ca
chemise áo sơ mi
carotte cà rốt
chartreuse rượu sactrơ
chocolat sô cô la
ciment xi măng
cinéma xi nê
cirque rạp xiếc
cognac rượu cô nhắc
corset coocxê
coup 
condom (capote, caoutchouc) capốt (vulg.), bao cao su*
cravatte cái ca vát, cà vạt
crème glacée kem
cyan xanh **
cyclo xích lô
dâme đầm
dollar đồng đô la
divan ghế đi văng
drap dạ
épinard rau bi na
essence xăng
(faire la) cour Cưa
fermeture éclair phéc-mơ-tuya
film phim
filtre (à café) phin
frein cái phanh
fromage phô mai, phó mát
gâteau bánh ga-tô
gant găng
gare nhà ga
gilet áo gi lê
gin rượu gin
golf gôn
gomme à effacer gôm
gomme arabique gôm A Rập
guidon ghi đông
guitare đàn ghita
homosexuel (pédéraste) pê đê (vulgaire)
jambon giam bông
jeans quần jean
laine len
lynx mèo linh, linh miêu
manteau măng tô
maquereau ma cô (celui qui pratique le maquerellage)
marmotte con macmôt
mayonnaise nước xốt mayonne
médaille mề đay
mère mẹ
morue cá moruy
moutarde mù tạt
niveau (objet) cái nivô
oeuf au plat op la
noeud papillon 
olive cây/quả ôliu
orgue đàn ống
pain (avec mie) bánh mì
paletot bành tô
papier fin (pelure) giấy pơluya
pastis (liqueur d'anis) rượu anit
pâté pa tê
pile (électrique) pin
piston pittông
pompe cái bơm
pourboire tiền buột-boa
poupée púp pê, búp bê
pédale pê đan
pénicilline pê ni xi lin
quai kè, kê
radio rađiô
ragoût món ragu
rhum rượu rom
sac Tui xách
salade rau xà lách
club sandwich xăngđuýt
saucisse xúc xích
savane xavan
savon xà phòng, xà bòng
sirop xi rô
soupe xúp
soupe tonkinoise (de pot-au-feuphở (incertain)
soutien-gorge cái xu chiêng
tape cái tát
tasse cái tách
taxi xe tắc xi
timbre tem
tournevis cái tuanơvit
veston áo vét tông
valse van
valve van
vanne van
vin rượu vang
vis vít
vison chồn vizon
valise cái va li
vodka rượu votca
whiskey rượu uytky
zéro cê-rô, zé ro


Ga-lăng : galant
Phéc-mơ-tuya : fermeture
Ri-đô : rideau
Ba tê sô : pâté chaud
Bề rê : beret
Ma sơ : religieuse (ma sœur)
Lô cốt : blockhaus


https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_borrowed_terms

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

French influence on Vietnamese language

VietnameseFrenchEnglish
ăng-tenantenneantenna, aerial
ba toongbâtoncane
bê tôngbétonconcrete
bi-dabillebilliards, Snooker
(bút) bi(stylo à) billeballpoint pen
beurrebutter
búp bê, búp bếpoupéedoll
cà phêcafécoffee
ca-pôcapothood/bonnet (of a car)
cam bốtcambodgecambodia
cao sucaoutchoucrubber
cờ-lêcléwrench
cùi dìacuillièrespoon
da uayaourtyogurt
ê-kípéquipeteam
gagarerailway station
(bánh) ga tôgâteaucake
(chỉ) lenlainewool
li-bănglibanlebanon
ma đammadamemadam, ma'am, Mrs.
mề đaymédaillemedal
(khăn) mùi xoamouchoirhandkerchief
ô tô buýtautobusmotor bus
(bánh) patê sôpâté chaud (obsolete)savoury puff pastry
(cục) pinpilebattery
(đèn) phaphareheadlamp
phanhfreinbrake
phẹc-mơ-tuyafermeturezipper
phimfilmmovie
pho mát, phô maifromagecheese
(áo) sơ michemiseshirt
(quần) si/xi lípslipunderwear
tăng xôngtensionhypertension
(táo) trái bompommeapple
tuốc-nơ-víttournevisscrewdriver
vô lăngvolantsteering wheel
xà láchsaladelettuce
xa látsaladesalad
xà phòng, xà bôngsavonsoap
xăng, ét-xăngessencegasoline
xu chiêngsoutien-gorgebra
~wikipedia~

AI XA QUÊ NHỚ VỀ | ĐINH UYÊN

Thursday, November 7, 2019

出于交通安全考量 河内铁路两旁咖啡座被令关闭

出于交通安全考量 河内铁路两旁咖啡座被令关闭



火车每次经过民宅都要以低于规定的速度行驶,以免撞上大玩自拍的游客。(路透社)

越南河内旧城区有一条铁路贯穿民宅之间,铁道两旁开了几十家咖啡座,咖啡座距离铁路只有三四步,吸引了大批游客前来拍照,同时体验边喝咖啡,边看火车从身边隆隆而过。

如今当地政府以交通安全考虑为由,下令这些咖啡座最迟须在本周末关闭。

这条铁路建于1902年法国殖民时期,目前每天仍有火车穿行。平日不难看到游客在轨道旁甚至是轨道上摆姿势自拍,一旦火车驶近,才拔腿撤离。来自澳大利亚的游客梅泽说:“我很喜欢,这太刺激了,跟我以前去过的地方完全不同。不过这挺危险的,难怪要关闭(两旁的咖啡座)。”

中新社引述当地媒体的报道称,有火车驾驶员表示,每次经过这一带,都要以低于规定的速度开车,为此感到很紧张,曾经多次发生紧急刹车的事件。

据官方媒体报道,星期天一列火车驶离河内火车站不久,突然紧急刹车,以避免撞上游客。第二天市政府在交通部的要求下,“为确保交通安全”,下令铁路两旁的咖啡座最迟须在本星期六结束营业。

旅游部官员何文超周二对媒体说:“虽然铁路咖啡座能吸引游客,但其实它们违反了一些条例。”
v 他指出,政府乐见具有创意的旅游产品,不过前提是它们必须遵守法规。

到河内出席朝美峰会时 金正恩也避免途经此铁路

这条已有超过百年历史的铁路连接河内与海防市(Hai Phong)以及与中国接壤的偏远山区城镇谅山(Lang Son)和老街(Lao Cai)。

铁路采用的是法国旧式窄轨,朝鲜领袖金正恩今年2月前往河内出席朝美峰会时,为了安全起见,坐火车到了越南边界就下车,改乘汽车,以避免途经这条老旧铁路。

~联合早报~

Vietnamese month name

English month nameVietnamese month name
NormalTraditional
JanuaryTháng mộtTháng giêng
FebruaryTháng hai
MarchTháng ba
AprilTháng tư
MayTháng năm
JuneTháng sáu
JulyTháng bảy
AugustTháng tám
SeptemberTháng chín
OctoberTháng mười
NovemberTháng mười một
DecemberTháng mười haiTháng chạp
~wikipedia~

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Enterprise Singapore expands innovation alliance network to Ho Chi Minh City

Enterprise Singapore expands innovation alliance network to Ho Chi Minh City

Enterprise Singapore has expanded the Global Innovation Alliance network to Ho Chi Minh City, plugging Singapore technology start-ups into the emerging innovation scene in Vietnam.

Launched in 2017, the initiative seeks to create more opportunities for Singaporeans, students, entrepreneurs and businesses to gain overseas experience and collaborate with overseas counterparts.

The involvement of Ho Chi Minh City in the network was formalised at a memorandum of understanding (MOU) signing between Enterprise Singapore, Quest Ventures - a Singapore-based leading venture fund for companies - and Saigon Innovation Hub, an agency under the Department of Science and Technology in the city in southern Vietnam.

The signing took place yesterday at WeWork, a co-working space in Ho Chi Minh City.

Under the MOU, the three partners will organise curated programmes to introduce Singapore start-ups to the innovation ecosystem in Ho Chi Minh City, and connect them to partners, investors and customers in Vietnam.

It will also create more internship opportunities for Singapore students in start-ups and innovative companies in Vietnam.

Targeted to commence in September this year, the first cohort will involve up to 10 Singapore start-ups, with another two runs of the programme expected to take place over the next 12 months.

As part of the Global Innovation Alliance network, Ngee Ann Polytechnic also signed six MOUs with Vietnamese start-ups.

They are: Alley51 Ventures, a venture builder; CoderSchool, a training school for developers, designers and data scientists; ELSA Corp, a start-up for foreign languages; Lazada Vietnam; Quest Ventures; and Saigon Innovation Hub.

Last year, Vietnamese start-ups attracted close to US$900 million (S$1.2 billion) of funding, more than three times that in 2017, said Enterprise Singapore chief executive Png Cheong Boon. "Vietnam is a growing market for technology start-ups and SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises), given the young and increasingly tech-savvy population and strong government support," he said.

The Global Innovation Alliance network now has connections to 11 cities globally.

They are: Bangkok in Thailand; Beijing, Suzhou and Shanghai in China; Berlin and Munich in Germany; Jakarta in Indonesia; Paris in France; Tokyo in Japan; San Francisco in the United States; and now, Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.

~Courtesy of Straits Times~

企发局扩大计划 助本地企业进军越南

企发局扩大计划 助本地企业进军越南



新加坡驻胡志明市总领事许义成(后排左起)、新加坡企业发展局局长方章文、SIHUB主席尤飞云,以及越南科技部代表范红橙在活动上见证企发局全球创新联盟署长林心印(前排左起)、求索创投合伙人佘庭瀚,以及SIHUB创办人兼总裁黄金雀签署备忘录。(黄康玮摄)

新加坡企业发展局(ESG)把全球创新联盟(Global Innovation Alliance)网络拓展至越南,多达10家本地企业接下来能更容易与快速地进军越南市场。

企发局于星期四(18日)在胡志明市举办推介仪式,并指出这将加强两地起步公司之间的合作,同时为学生当来更多海外实习机会。

企发局会与求索创投(Quest Ventures)和胡志明市创新中心(SIHUB)签署备忘录,让两地企业能进军彼此的市场。

这三家机构将制定计划,并通过三个阶段让起步公司走进越南。它们首先会为起步公司进行配对,寻找越南导师。

接下来,起步公司则会飞往胡志明市,与企业伙伴接洽、向投资者介绍业务,以及测试产品或服务。

最后阶段则长达半年,起步公司可进一步获得上述机构支持拓展业务。

~早报网~

Wednesday, July 10, 2019

Foreign embassies/consulates in HCMC 胡志明市各国使馆

USA 美国
Address: 4 Lê Duẩn, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3520 4200

Australia 澳洲
Address: Lầu 20,Tòa nhà Vincom, 47 Lý Tự Trọng, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3521 8100

UK 英国
Address: 25 Lê Duẩn, Bến Nghé, District 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3825 1380

China 中国
Address: 175 Hai Bà Trưng, Phường 6, Quận 3, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3829 2459

Singapore 新加坡
Address: Lầu 11, Saigon Centre 2, 67 Lê Lợi, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3822 5174

France 法国
Address: Consulate General of France, 27 Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai, Bến Nghé, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3520 6800

Germany 德国
Address: 33 Lê Duẩn, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3828 8100

Thailand 泰国
Address: 77 Trần Quốc Thảo, Phường 7, Quận 3, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3932 7637

Canada 加拿大
Address: The Metropolitan, 235 Đồng Khởi, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3827 9899

Cambodia 柬埔寨
Address: 41 Phùng Khắc Khoan, Đa Kao, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 96 775 05 08

Korea 韩国
Address: 107 Nguyễn Du, Phường Bến Thành, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3822 5757

Laos 寮国
Address: 93 Pasteur, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3829 7667

Japan 日本
Address: 261 Điện Biên Phủ, District 3, Ho Chi Minh, Quận 3 Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 28 3933 3510

New Zealand 纽西兰
Address: The Metropolitan, 235 Đồng Khởi, Bến Nghé, Quận 1, Hồ Chí Minh City
Phone: +84 90 180 77 70

Malaysia 马来西亚
109 Nguyen Van Huong Thao Dien Ward, District 2, Ho Chi Minh City 
Phone: +84 28-3829 9023

Netherlands 荷兰
Saigon Tower, Suite 901, 29 Le Duan Blvd., District 1, Ho Chi Minh City
Phone +84 28 3823 5932

Indonesia 印尼
18, Phung Khac Khoan, District 1 Ho Chi Minh City
Phone: +84-28 3825 1888/9, 3822 3799


~Info courtesy of Google~

Trăng Tàn Trên Hè Phố - Phương Anh ft Phương Ý

成为亚细安物流枢纽 泰国要建跨亚洲多国高铁网络

成为亚细安物流枢纽 泰国要建跨亚洲多国高铁网络



泰媒报道,高铁工程主要分为泰国到老挝及中国南部、泰国到柬埔寨、泰国到马来西亚和新加坡,以及曼谷到清迈四条路线,全长达3193公里,造价约914亿新元。

(曼谷讯)泰国政府希望通过一个横跨亚洲多国的高铁网络,致力推动泰国发展成为亚细安的物流枢纽。

《曼谷邮报》报道,这项庞大工程主要分为泰国到老挝及中国南部、泰国到柬埔寨、泰国到马来西亚和新加坡,以及曼谷到清迈四条路线,全长达3193公里,造价约2.07万亿泰铢(约914亿新元)。

可从中国开到新加坡

泰国交通部副部长拜林说,泰国政府希望这个高铁网络可以从中国一路开往新加坡。他说:“到时候,人们就可从曼谷城区挽赐(Bang Sue)乘高铁北上中国北京或南下新加坡。”

连接曼谷和毗邻老挝的东北部廊开府(Nong Khai)的第一阶段工程正在兴建,预计2023年竣工。这一段铁路长达608公里,落成之后,将会成为曼谷通往老挝的主要运输系统。

下一段铁路将把泰国和老挝边境与老挝首都万象连接,最后一段铁路则会将万象与中国云南省边城磨憨镇相连接。

据一个不愿具名的老挝官员说,万象与磨憨镇之间长达414公里的铁路至今已经完成了55%,衔接万象与廊开的铁路工程也已经展开。

他说:“这是一个将我们从内陆国家转变为有土地联系的国家。”他指,目前人们要从万象前往磨憨镇需要两天,但如后有了高铁,来往这两地“就只需要三个小时”。

老挝希望跨国高铁网络能促进经济发展。受访官员预计,有了这条高铁路线,未来到访老挝的中国游客每年可能多达1000万至2000万人次。

泰国也希望借助这个跨国高铁网络来刺激其经济发展,尤其是该铁路网络将把廊开与泰国东部经济走廊(EEC)衔接起来;泰国东部经济走廊是在泰国东部沿海三府北柳、春武里和罗勇设立的国家经济特区,旨在将泰国东部打造为一个现代智能生产的工业中心。

由于项目的重要性和成本非常高,政府应该认真地与中国谈判,并研究随后的利益和条件。从长远来看,我们需要能自己照顾铁路的一切运作,而毋需依靠中国。——泰中战略研究中心前主任阿克松斯里

泰国国立法政大学经济学院副教授、泰中战略研究中心前主任阿克松斯里表示,高铁网络是中国倡议“一带一路”计划的一部分,落成后将会提高泰国的竞争力和与邻国的联系。

不过她指出,发展高铁网络存在一定担忧,主要是在软件和系统安全方面,其他可能影响铁路网络建造项目的障碍还包括“高建筑和征收成本”。放眼望去,泰国日后决定购买中国科技时,也必须明智地进行谈判。

她说:“由于这个项目的重要性和其成本非常高,政府应该认真地与中国谈判,并研究随后的利益和条件。从长远来看,我们需要能自己照顾铁路的一切运作,而毋需依靠中国。”

~联合早报~

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Family Relationships in Vietnamese

In conversational Vietnamese, the proper way to refer to yourself and others depends on a hierarchy of age and sex. Many of the terms have a literal meaning of family relationships, though they are used for all people on all occasions. Options include:

Bạn (friend, pronounced "bhang" with a heavy A. Easily confused with the word "table" to hilarious effect.)

Con (child, pronounced "ghone", and – parents will be amused – also means animal, for example "Con chim" literally means "(that) animal (which is a) bird", and as comedic sex slang, "Con chim" also means "young boy's penis".)

Em (literally, younger person, generally reserved for a younger sister, younger female relative, or a female acquaintance whom you consider equal to or younger than you – refers to anyone younger than you but older than a child. It is the usual way to address your wife, girlfriend, or female lover, regardless of your own age or sex, with implications of endearment beyond daily usage of the word. Can be considered the equivalent of "my dear".)

Anh (older brother – man older than you by up to 10-20 years depending on how close they are. Or refers to a man of the same age as you, but whom you hold in high regard even if you are slightly older. It is also the usual way to address a husband, boyfriend, or male lover, regardless of your own age or sex, with implications of endearment beyond daily usage.)

Chị (older sister – woman older than you by up to 10-20 years depending on how close they are, with the implication that you feel the age between you and her does not matter. Generally only used for females slightly older than you. Can also be used as a sign of respect especially if you hold them in higher regard even if they are the same age or younger than you.)

Chú (literally, "Mister" with implications toward "uncle". Also used to address your father's younger brother – man older than you and who you feel deserves the distinction beyond "Anh".)

(literally, "Miss" or "Young Mrs." – woman older than you by 10+ years, or your female teacher prior to college. Implies that you feel she is a generation older than you, but you still think she is too young to be called "Madam" or "Mrs.")

Bác (unisex term, used for both Sir and Madam, – refers to a mature person, generally 40 to 60 years old. Polite in that it implies you do not think the person is a senior or elderly yet.)

Ông (literally, "old gentleman", grandfather – refers specifically to a senior man, 50-60+ years old depending on how close you are.) 

(literally, "Madam" or "elderly lady", grandmother – refers specifically to a senior woman, 50-60+ years old depending on how close you are.)

~wikitravel~